US EB-5 Immigrant Investor Programme
The US EB-5 Immigrant Investor Programme provides a route to US lawful permanent residence for qualifying foreign investors who invest the required capital in a US commercial enterprise and satisfy the programme’s job-creation requirements.
Qualifying investors, together with their spouse and eligible unmarried children under 21, can potentially obtain US permanent residence through the EB-5 route. Applicants must demonstrate that the required investment has been made from lawful sources and that the relevant immigration, investment and job-creation requirements are satisfied.
Hudson McKenzie advises international investors and families on the immigration and legal aspects of the EB-5 process, including eligibility, source and path of funds, standalone and Regional Center applications, supporting documentation and the removal of conditions on permanent residence.
What Is the US EB-5 Immigrant Investor Programme?
The EB-5 programme is the United States’ employment-based fifth-preference immigrant investor route.
It allows qualifying foreign investors to pursue lawful permanent residence by investing the required amount of capital in a new commercial enterprise in the United States and creating the required number of qualifying US jobs.
Unlike temporary investor or employment routes, EB-5 is an immigrant classification designed to lead to permanent resident status where all applicable requirements are satisfied.
An EB-5 investment can potentially be made either:
- through a standalone investment; or
- through an approved Regional Center structure.
The immigration requirements differ depending on the investment structure selected.
What Are the Main EB-5 Visa Requirements?
An EB-5 applicant generally needs to establish that:
- the required amount of capital has been invested or is actively in the process of being invested;
- the capital was obtained through lawful means;
- the investment is made in a qualifying new commercial enterprise;
- the investment satisfies the applicable EB-5 rules;
- the enterprise creates at least 10 qualifying full-time jobs;
- the applicant meets the relevant documentary and immigration requirements; and
- an immigrant visa is available when required for the relevant stage of the process.
USCIS currently requires at least 10 jobs for qualifying employees as part of the EB-5 framework.
EB-5 Visa Requirements & Application Process
EB-5 Investment Amount, Targeted Employment Areas & Job Creation
For petitions filed on or after 15 March 2022, the current minimum EB-5 investment amounts are:
- US$1,050,000 for investments generally; or
- US$800,000 where the qualifying investment is made in a Targeted Employment Area or qualifying infrastructure project.
A Targeted Employment Area can include a qualifying rural area or high-unemployment area.
Importantly, investing through a Regional Center does not automatically mean that the lower US$800,000 threshold applies. The project must independently satisfy the relevant requirements for the reduced investment level.
USCIS states that the statutory investment amounts will automatically adjust for inflation on 1 January 2027, and every five years thereafter. Applicants should therefore confirm the investment threshold in force when their petition is filed.
Job creation
The EB-5 programme also requires the investment to result in at least 10 full-time positions for qualifying employees.
How job creation is demonstrated depends partly on whether the applicant makes a standalone investment or invests through a Regional Center.
The proposed business or project should therefore be reviewed not only for the amount invested but also for the way in which the required employment creation will be established under the EB-5 rules.
Standalone Investment vs Regional Center Investment
EB-5 investors can potentially pursue the programme through a standalone investment or through the Regional Center programme.
Standalone EB-5 investment
A standalone investor normally files Form I-526, Immigrant Petition by Standalone Investor.
The investor must establish that the qualifying investment has been made in an eligible new commercial enterprise and demonstrate the required job creation under the rules applicable to standalone investments.
Regional Center investment
An investor associated with an approved Regional Center generally files Form I-526E, Immigrant Petition by Regional Center Investor.
Regional Center structures allow investment activity and job creation to be assessed under the Regional Center framework and can permit qualifying indirect job creation to be taken into account using accepted economic methodologies.
Regional Center designation does not remove the investor’s obligation to satisfy their own EB-5 eligibility requirements.
Investors should therefore consider both:
- the immigration eligibility of the proposed structure; and
- separate commercial, financial, tax and investment risks.
Hudson McKenzie provides immigration and legal advice in relation to EB-5 eligibility and applications. Applicants should obtain separate investment, tax or financial advice where appropriate before committing capital.
Lawful Source of Funds, EB-5 Application Process & Visa Availability
Lawful Source and Path of Funds
An EB-5 applicant must demonstrate that the invested capital was obtained through lawful means.
Depending on the circumstances, supporting evidence may relate to:
- employment income;
- business income;
- sale of a business or other assets;
- property transactions;
- investments;
- inheritance;
- gifts;
- qualifying loans;
- accumulated savings; or
- another lawful source.
The evidence must normally establish not only where the capital originated but also how the money moved from its source into the EB-5 investment.
This can make source-of-funds analysis one of the most detailed elements of an EB-5 petition, particularly where funds have passed through multiple accounts, companies, family members or jurisdictions.
USCIS specifically requires an investor to establish the lawful source of invested capital.
EB-5 petition
- A standalone investor generally files: Form I-526 – Immigrant Petition by Standalone Investor
- A Regional Center investor generally files: Form I-526E – Immigrant Petition by Regional Center Investor.
Following approval and subject to immigrant visa availability, an applicant may then proceed through the appropriate immigrant visa or adjustment-of-status process, depending on their circumstances.
Visa availability
EB-5 immigrant visas are subject to annual numerical limits.
Under the current framework, EB-5 visa numbers include reserved categories for qualifying:
- rural investments;
- high-unemployment-area investments; and
- infrastructure projects.
The Department of State currently allocates 20% of EB-5 numbers to qualifying rural investments, 10% to qualifying high-unemployment investments and 2% to qualifying infrastructure projects. The remaining 68% are unreserved.
Visa availability can vary according to an applicant’s country of chargeability, priority date and EB-5 category.
Applicants should therefore check the current Department of State Visa Bulletin rather than relying on a fixed EB-5 processing timeframe.
Conditional Green Card, I-829, Family Members & Long-Term Residence
Successful EB-5 applicants do not immediately receive an unconditional Green Card.
The investor and qualifying derivative family members normally first receive conditional permanent resident status.
Toward the end of the conditional residence period, the investor must demonstrate that the applicable EB-5 requirements have been satisfied and apply to remove the conditions on permanent residence using:
Form I-829 – Petition by Investor to Remove Conditions on Permanent Resident Status.
This stage can involve evidence relating to:
- the qualifying investment;
- maintenance of the investment as required;
- the commercial enterprise or project;
- job creation; and
- continued satisfaction of the relevant EB-5 requirements.
Family members
The EB-5 route can potentially include the principal investor’s:
- spouse; and
- unmarried children under the age of 21,
subject to the applicable immigration rules and circumstances.
Long-term US residence
Once conditions are successfully removed, the investor and qualifying family members can hold permanent resident status without the EB-5 conditions.
Permanent residents may subsequently become eligible to pursue US naturalisation if they separately satisfy the citizenship requirements in force at that time.
EB-5 approval should therefore not be described as automatically granting US citizenship.
How Hudson McKenzie Can Help With an EB-5 Visa Application
EB-5 applications can involve a combination of immigration law, detailed financial documentation, investment structures and evidence of job creation.
Hudson McKenzie advises international investors and families considering the United States EB-5 programme.
Our support can include:
- Initial EB-5 eligibility assessment
- Review of the proposed immigration route
- Standalone or Regional Center immigration assessment
- Review of the applicable investment threshold
- Source and path of funds analysis
- Supporting-document strategy
- Form I-526 and I-526E application support
- Coordination of immigration documentation
- Family-member immigration applications
- Visa availability and priority-date considerations
- Conditional permanent residence guidance
- Form I-829 preparation and removal of conditions
- Longer-term US immigration planning
We can also advise investors who are comparing EB-5 with other international residency-by-investment options.
Hudson McKenzie does not provide investment recommendations or guarantee the performance of an EB-5 investment. Where necessary, applicants should obtain separate financial, investment, securities and tax advice.
Disclaimer: The information provided on this page is for general guidance only and does not constitute legal, investment, financial, securities or tax advice. EB-5 requirements, investment thresholds, visa availability and US immigration rules may change. Investment involves financial risk and immigration approval is not guaranteed. Applicants should obtain advice based on their individual circumstances and verify the requirements in force before committing capital or filing an application.
Frequently Asked Questions About the US EB-5 Immigrant Investor Programme
For petitions filed on or after 15 March 2022, the current minimum EB-5 investment is generally US$1,050,000.
A reduced minimum of US$800,000 can apply to qualifying investments in a Targeted Employment Area or qualifying infrastructure project.
USCIS states that these investment thresholds will adjust for inflation from 1 January 2027 and every five years thereafter, so the amount in force should be confirmed before filing.
A qualifying EB-5 investment must generally create at least 10 full-time jobs for qualifying employees.
How the jobs are demonstrated depends partly on whether the investment is a standalone investment or is made through the Regional Center programme.
A standalone investor generally files Form I-526 and must establish eligibility under the rules applying to a standalone commercial enterprise.
A Regional Center investor generally files Form I-526E and invests through a structure associated with a USCIS-designated Regional Center.
The Regional Center framework can allow qualifying indirect job creation to be considered, whereas standalone investments generally rely more directly on employment created by the relevant business.
Yes.
Applicants must demonstrate that their EB-5 capital was obtained through lawful means. Evidence may relate to employment or business income, asset sales, investments, inheritance, gifts, qualifying loans or other lawful sources.
Applicants may also need to demonstrate the path taken by the funds from their original source into the EB-5 investment.
USCIS does not impose a separate general US$1 million net-worth requirement as a basic EB-5 immigration eligibility condition.
The applicant must instead satisfy the applicable investment, lawful-source-of-funds, job-creation and other immigration requirements.
A particular investment offering may separately impose financial or investor-qualification requirements, which should not be confused with USCIS EB-5 eligibility requirements.
Potentially, yes.
A qualifying EB-5 investor’s spouse and eligible unmarried children under 21 may generally obtain derivative permanent resident status alongside the principal investor, subject to the applicable immigration requirements.
The EB-5 process initially provides conditional permanent resident status.
The investor must subsequently file Form I-829 and demonstrate that the relevant EB-5 requirements have been satisfied in order to remove the conditions and obtain permanent resident status without those conditions.
There is no single reliable processing period for every EB-5 application.
Timing can depend on the petition type, project, USCIS processing, requests for evidence, the applicant’s country of chargeability and immigrant visa availability.
USCIS updates its published processing-time information using recent adjudication data, while visa availability is governed separately through the Department of State Visa Bulletin.
Potentially, yes.
EB-5 is available to qualifying foreign investors and is not limited to applicants already living in the United States.
An applicant’s place of residence is not necessarily the same as their country of chargeability for immigrant visa purposes, and visa availability can vary between categories and countries.
Eligibility should therefore be assessed according to the investor’s individual circumstances.
Potentially, but citizenship is not automatic.
EB-5 can lead to lawful permanent resident status. A permanent resident may later become eligible to apply for US naturalisation if they separately meet the citizenship requirements in force at that time.


