Digital Nomad Visas and Remote Working Visas
Remote working has transformed where professionals can live and how businesses access international talent. A Digital Nomad Visa or Remote Working Visa can allow eligible foreign nationals to live in another country while continuing to work remotely for an overseas employer, business or clients.
Hudson McKenzie advises individuals, entrepreneurs, freelancers, remote employees and international businesses on digital nomad immigration routes, remote working visas, residence permits and cross-border immigration compliance.
Digital nomad and remote working immigration routes are designed for people who want to live in one country while continuing to work remotely for an employer, business or clients located elsewhere.
The terminology and legal structure differ considerably between jurisdictions. A country may refer to its programme as a Digital Nomad Visa, Remote Work Visa, Remote Worker Residence Permit, Nomad Residence Permit or another national immigration category. Eligibility, income requirements, permitted activities, family rights and visa duration also vary between countries.
These routes are generally different from conventional employment visas. In many jurisdictions, applicants are expected to continue working for an overseas employer or overseas clients rather than entering the local labour market.
It is therefore important to establish the correct immigration position before relocating. Working online does not automatically mean that work is permitted under a tourist or visitor status.
Hudson McKenzie can assess the proposed destination, employment or business arrangements and personal circumstances and advise on the appropriate immigration route.
Digital Nomad Visa and Remote Working Requirements
What is a Digital Nomad Visa and Who Can Apply?
A Digital Nomad Visa is an immigration route designed for eligible individuals who work remotely using digital technology while living temporarily, or in some jurisdictions for a longer period, in another country.
Depending on the programme, eligible applicants may include:
- employees working remotely for an overseas employer
- freelancers providing services to overseas clients
- business owners and entrepreneurs operating businesses outside the host country
- consultants and professional service providers
- technology and digital professionals
- remote workers employed by international organisations.
Eligibility varies by destination. Applicants commonly need to demonstrate a valid passport, an established source of overseas employment or business income, sufficient financial resources and compliance with the host country's immigration requirements.
Some programmes also require health insurance, accommodation evidence, police clearance certificates or proof relating to the applicant's profession, employer or business activities.
The correct route should therefore be assessed against the rules of the country in which the applicant intends to live and work.
Countries, Income Requirements and Supporting Documents
Digital nomad and remote working immigration programmes are available across a growing number of jurisdictions in Europe, the Middle East, the Americas and Asia.
Income requirements
Many Digital Nomad Visa programmes require applicants to demonstrate a minimum level of income.
The amount and method of calculation may depend on:
- monthly or annual income
- savings or assets
- employment or business income
- family size
- the number of accompanying dependants.
Applicants may need to provide evidence such as employment contracts, payslips, bank statements, tax returns, invoices, business records or other documents demonstrating the required income.
Meeting the financial threshold alone does not necessarily guarantee approval. Immigration authorities may consider the applicant's overall circumstances and the quality and consistency of the supporting evidence.
Freelancers and entrepreneurs
Freelancers and entrepreneurs may be required to demonstrate an established business or client base through documents such as service agreements, invoices, company records, bank statements, accounts and tax records.
The appropriate immigration route depends on both the destination country and the nature and location of the applicant's business activities.
Remote Work, Tourist Visas, Local Employment and Family Members
A tourist visa and a Digital Nomad Visa normally serve different purposes.
Tourist or visitor status does not automatically provide permission to work remotely simply because the work is carried out online. Whether remote work is permitted depends on the immigration rules of the destination country.
The UK does not operate a dedicated Digital Nomad Visa. Under the UK Visitor rules, a visitor may undertake activities relating to their overseas employment remotely, but remote working must not be the primary purpose of the visit.
Anyone intending to live in the UK primarily to work remotely should therefore assess whether another immigration route is required.
Bringing family members
Many digital nomad and remote working programmes allow eligible partners and children to accompany the main applicant.
Additional income requirements can apply, and the immigration status and work rights of accompanying family members vary by jurisdiction.
Hudson McKenzie can advise on the position of both the main applicant and eligible dependants as part of the wider relocation strategy.
Remote Working for Employers, Tax and Immigration Compliance
International businesses increasingly allow employees to work remotely from countries outside their normal place of employment.
Before approving an international remote working arrangement, employers should consider:
- whether the employee has immigration permission to work from the destination country
- whether a Digital Nomad Visa or alternative immigration permission is required
- whether the employee's activities fall within the permitted scope of the route
- whether dependants require separate immigration permission
- the proposed duration of the arrangement
- potential payroll, social security or employment obligations
- possible corporate tax or permanent establishment exposure.
Immigration status and tax residence are separate matters. Obtaining a Digital Nomad Visa does not automatically mean that the individual will be exempt from local taxation.
Depending on the destination, period of stay and circumstances, remote working can raise issues involving personal tax residence, social security, payroll, corporate tax, permanent establishment and double taxation.
Hudson McKenzie focuses on immigration and global mobility matters and can work alongside appropriate tax specialists where cross-border tax advice is required.
For employers, addressing these issues before an employee relocates can help reduce immigration and compliance risk and support a more consistent international remote working policy.
How Hudson McKenzie Can Help
Hudson McKenzie advises individuals and businesses on Digital Nomad Visa and remote working immigration services across multiple jurisdictions.
For individuals, our lawyers can assess available visa and residence options, eligibility requirements, income thresholds, supporting documents, dependant applications and the immigration implications of working remotely from another country.
For employers, we can advise on the immigration aspects of international remote working arrangements, including whether an employee requires immigration permission, the permitted scope of remote work and the implications of cross-border assignments.
We can also assist freelancers, consultants and entrepreneurs in identifying immigration routes that reflect the nature of their overseas business or client activities.
For broader international immigration support, explore Hudson McKenzie’s Global Immigration Services.
Where remote working may create tax, payroll or permanent establishment considerations, our immigration team can also work alongside appropriate Global Mobility Tax advisers.
If you are considering living or working remotely in another country, or your organisation is developing an international remote working programme, speak to Hudson McKenzie for advice based on the relevant jurisdiction and circumstances.
Frequently Asked Questions About Digital Nomad Visas
A Digital Nomad Visa is an immigration route that allows eligible foreign nationals to live in a country while working remotely, usually for an employer, business or clients located outside that country.
The eligibility requirements, permitted activities and length of stay depend on the individual jurisdiction.
Not necessarily.
Different countries use terms such as Digital Nomad Visa, Remote Work Visa, Remote Worker Residence Permit or Nomad Residence Permit. The legal requirements and work permissions can differ significantly between programmes.
No. The UK does not currently have a dedicated Digital Nomad Visa.
UK visitors may undertake limited remote activities connected to overseas employment, but remote work cannot be the primary purpose of the visit. Someone intending to live in the UK primarily while working remotely should consider whether another immigration route is required.
Not necessarily.
A tourist or visitor visa does not automatically give permission to work remotely. The immigration rules of the destination country should be checked before undertaking remote work while physically present there.
There is no universal income threshold.
Each country sets its own financial requirements, which may depend on the applicant's income, savings, employment or business arrangements and the number of accompanying family members.
Many Digital Nomad Visa programmes permit eligible family members to accompany the main applicant.
Additional income or documentation requirements may apply, and the work or residence rights of dependants vary by country.
Usually, Digital Nomad Visas are designed for people working remotely for an overseas employer, business or clients.
Taking employment with a locally established company may require a separate employment or work visa, depending on the jurisdiction.
Not automatically.
Immigration residence and tax residence are separate concepts. Tax status can depend on the country, length of stay, personal circumstances and relevant domestic or treaty rules.
Validity varies by jurisdiction.
Some programmes provide short-term immigration permission, while others issue renewable residence permits or allow applicants to extend their stay if they continue to meet the relevant requirements.
It depends on the country and the immigration route.
Some Digital Nomad Visas are designed as temporary residence routes and do not lead directly to permanent residence. Other residence frameworks may offer longer-term options, subject to the relevant country's immigration rules.

